Draft:Stanisław Kubacki
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Stanislas Kubacki (Polish: Stanisław Kubacki, alias: Piglovski Stefan, Wieczorek, Kleber Marian, Kuba Ignace)[1], (born May 2, 1908 in Siąszyce, Poland[2], died February 21, 1944 in Fort Mont Valérien in Suresne, France), moulder and woodcutter, communist activist, resistance fighter, one of the activists sentenced to death in the so-called L'affiche rouge trial. He arrived in France in 1925. Married to his compatriot Geneviève Klébek (Genia), they had a son Édouard (Edria) born on 20 March 1930 in Avion (Pas-de-Calais). The family lived in Livry-Gargan (Seine-Saint-Denis).
Member of the communist partisan organization Francs-tireurs et partisans - Main d'oeuvre immigrée (FTP-MOI). It is unclear whether he belonged to the so-called Manouchian group (branch of FTP-MOI in the region of Paris named after its leader Missak Manouchian, an Armenian poet and resistant fighter). According to some authors[3] Kubacki was not a member of the Manouchian group but a communist activist acting in the armed resistance, probably in another section of the FTP-MOI. Others[4][5][6] list him as part of the Manouchian group.
Son of Stanisław and Franciszka (maiden name: Wojtysiak)[1], he came from Siąszyce (a village in Greater Poland Voivodeship), from a large family of smallholders. He left for France at the age of 17 to seek work. He took part in the Spanish Civil War and served as lieutenant and head of the transport service in the XIII Dabrowski Brigade.[7][8] Upon his return he was interned in Vernet (Ariège) and Gurs (Pyrénées-Atlantique) internment camps in France. Deported to Germany from where he escaped.[1]. Immediately after his escape, he joined the conspiracy movement in Paris where he was in charge of organizing groups of Polish immigrants[7] becoming one of the first organisers of the Polish resistance movement and partisanship in that region.[8] Kubacki was a member of the French Communist Party. On December 7, 1942 he was arrested by the special brigades of the French police while carrying a false identity card in the name of Stefan Piglovski and notes in Polish on sabotage operations northern France[1]. He was interrogated, repeatedly tortured for several days and then imprisoned in Fresnes until his death in 1944.
He died on February 21, 1944, executed by firing squad along with 21 members of the Manouchian group in Fort Mont Valérien in Suresne near Paris[5] after a show trial organized by the German military tribunal for propaganda purposes that took place at the Continental Hotel (l’Hôtel Continental) in Paris on February 18, 1944.[9][5] In his last letter to his wife and son he wrote "I die for freedom, for France and for Poland."[7][6]
He is buried at the Ivry Cemetery (Cimetière parisien d'Ivry) in Ivry-sur-Seine[10]. Awarded Order of Liberation (Ordre de la Libération) in 1947.[11]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d "KUBACKI Stanislas [alias PIGLOVSKI Stefan, WIECZOREK, KLEBER Marian, KUBA Ignace] - Maitron". fusilles-40-44.maitron.fr. Retrieved 2024-02-13.
- ^ "Dossier individuel de personnel de KUBACKI, STANISLAS | Service historique de la Défense". www.servicehistorique.sga.defense.gouv.fr. Retrieved 2024-02-13.
- ^ Szarota, Tomasz; KRZYŻANOWSKI, HUBERT (2003). "Les Juifs de Pologne et de Varsovie dans la Resistance communiste a Paris sous l'occupation [online]" (PDF). Acta Poloniae Historica. 87: 101–119.
- ^ SęKOWSKI, Paweł. Les Polonais dans la Résistance communiste en France. Prace Historyczne, 2015, Numer 142 (4), p. 671-682, gru. 2015. ISSN 2084-4069. Available at: <https://www.ejournals.eu/Prace-Historyczne/2015/Numer-4/art/6180/>. Date accessed: 16 gru. 2015 doi:https://doi.org/10.4467/20844069PH.15.040.4075.
- ^ a b c "The execution of 21 February 1944 at the fort of Mont Valérien | Chemins de mémoire". www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr. Retrieved 2024-02-13.
- ^ a b Pottier, Jean-Marie (2015-05-10). "«Je meurs la tête droite et avec le sourire»: ce qu'écrivaient les fusillés de la Seconde Guerre mondiale avant leur exécution". Slate.fr (in French). Retrieved 2024-02-13.
- ^ a b c "Bohaterowie z "czerwonego afisza"". Przegląd (in Polish). 2019-07-01. Retrieved 2024-02-13.
- ^ a b Ajzner, Seweryn (1961). Madryt-Saragossa [Madrid-Saragossa]. Książka i Wiedza. pp. 156, 236.
- ^ L’affiche dite « rouge ». MUSÉE DE L’ARMÉE. Fiche-objet. www.musee-armee.fr
- ^ "Faire une recherche - Mémoire des hommes". www.memoiredeshommes.sga.defense.gouv.fr. Retrieved 2024-02-13.
- ^ "- Mémoire des hommes". www.memoiredeshommes.sga.defense.gouv.fr. Retrieved 2024-02-13.